西方文化|十二奥林匹亚主神The 12 Olympians

Aphrodite

The Greek goddess of love, lust^{1, and beauty. She was often shown as a beautiful women often appearing nude2. She is often accompanied by the winged godling, Eros which means love. Aphrodite is the daughter of Ouranos and Hemera and accordingly married Adonis. The myrtle, dove, sparrow, and swan are sacred to her. The swan and the rose were both symbols of Aphrodite.}

Apollo

He has been recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; archery; medicine and healing; music, poetry, and the arts; and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the huntress Artemis. In art, he is often depicted^{3 as a handsome young man with golden hair normally carrying a bow. Apollo's symbol was the golden lyre which is an old musical instrument.}

Ares

The son of Zeus and Hera. Though often referred to as the Olympian god of war, or bloodlust. Ares was often pictured with brazen^{4 armor and a spear. He was often known for the unpredictable violence of war. His symbol is the spear.}

Artemis

The daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo. She was the goddess of forests and hills. Artemis was often depicted carrying a bow and arrows and the deer was sacred to her. Sometimes she was also shown with a crescent moon near her. The moon is the symbol of Artemis.

Athena

The goddess of intelligence and war. Unlike Ares who is just the violence of war, Athena is also the strategies and intelligence of war. She was also the patron goddess of Athens who built the Parthenon in her honor. Athena's symbol is the owl^5.

Hades

The god of the underworld and the dead. Hades and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated the Titans and claimed rulership over the universe ruling the underworld, sky, and sea. Because of his association with the underworld, Hades is often thought of as a grim figure. He is often associated with a sceptre, cornucopia^{6, or Cerburus, the three-headed dog. In fact, his symbol is the cornucopia.}

Hephaestus

The god of technology, blacksmiths, craftsmen^{7, artisans, sculptors8, metals, and fire. He was worshipped in all the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece, especially Athens. Hephaestus and his brother Ares were sons of Hera. Hephaestus was often remembered as the blacksmith of the gods. His symbol was fire and a blacksmith's hammer.}

Hera

The wife and older sister of Zeus. She is the goddess of marriage. The peacock was sacred to her and she is often depicted with a peacock somewhere near her. She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Hera is the most beautiful of the immortals^{9. Her symbols were the peacock and the cow.}

Hermes

The winged messenger of the Olympians, Hermes was the son of Zeus and Maia. As a friend to the mortals, he introduced weights and measures and he also escorts the dead to Hades. He is the giver of good luck and he taught mortals all arts, such as how to make roads and markets. In ancient times, a bust^{10 of Hermes was placed at the TOP of pillars to mark boundaries. His symbols were winged sandals and helmet.}

Hestia

The goddess of the home and hearth^{11. She is the first born child of Rhea and Cronus. Hestia is the sister to Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. She was once a member of the Twelve Olympians, but she gave up her place later on for the god Dionysus. The sacred flame and the circle are both symbols for Hestia.}

Poseidon

The god of the sea and of horses. He is the brother of Zeus and Hades. Poseidon was given a trident during the war of the Titans and the gods. When they overthrew^{12 the Titans, Poseidon took over the sea among other things. He is the son of Cronus and Rhea . Poseidons' symbols were the dolphin and the trident.}

Zeus

The ruler of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus, and the god of the sky and thunder. Zeus was the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings^{13. He is married to Hera, the queen of the gods. He is often depicted either standing14, striding forward, or seated in a throne of royalty15. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull and the oak.}

阿佛洛狄忒

希腊神话中的爱神，美神，欲望之神。一般她被描述成漂亮的裸身女子，身边由有着翅膀的小爱神厄洛斯伴随。她是乌拉诺斯与赫墨拉之女，后与阿多尼斯结婚。桃金娘、鸽子、麻雀和天鹅是她的圣物。天鹅和玫瑰是阿佛洛狄忒的象征。

阿波罗

阿波罗被视作光明之神，太阳神，他掌管真相与预言、射术、医学和健康、音乐、诗歌和艺术等等。阿波罗是宙斯和勒托之子，他有一个孪生妹妹，打猎女神阿尔忒弥斯。在艺术作品中，他常被描绘成英俊的金发年轻人，一般携携带弓箭。阿波罗的象征是金色的古乐器小竖琴。

阿瑞斯

宙斯与赫拉之子。阿瑞斯是奥林匹亚的战神，充满杀戮的欲望。他常被描绘成身披黄铜盔甲，手持长矛。他以不可预测的战争暴力闻名。阿瑞斯的象征是长矛。

阿尔忒弥斯

宙斯与勒托之女，是阿波罗的孪生妹妹。她是森林之神，山丘之神。阿尔忒弥斯常被描绘成手持弓和箭的女子，鹿是她的圣物。有时她身边会有一道盈月。月亮是阿尔忒弥斯的象征。

雅典娜

智慧女神和战争女神。与阿瑞斯的暴力不同，雅典娜代表的是战争中的方案和智慧。她也是雅典人的守护神，为了纪念她，雅典人建造了帕特农神庙。雅典娜的象征是猫头鹰。

哈迪斯

冥界的统治者，死神。哈迪斯和他的兄弟宙斯、波塞冬一块打败了提坦，获得了宇宙的统治权，掌管冥界、天空和海洋。因为他是冥界的掌管者，哈迪斯一般被觉得是一个严酷的神。他常与节杖、丰饶之角、三个头的地狱看门狗有关。事实上，他的象征是丰饶之角。

赫菲斯托斯

他掌管着技术、锻冶、手工艺、工匠、雕刻、金属和火。他遭到希腊所有制造和工业中心的膜拜，尤其是雅典。赫菲斯托斯和他的哥哥阿瑞斯都是赫拉的儿子。赫菲斯托斯一般被觉得是锻冶之神。他的象征是火和铁匠的锤子。

赫拉

宙斯的老婆和姐姐。她是婚姻之神，孔雀是她的圣物，她常被描绘成身边随着着孔雀。她是克洛诺斯与瑞亚的女儿。赫拉是众神中最漂亮的女神，她的象征是孔雀和母牛。

赫尔墨斯

他是奥林匹亚的信使，长有翅膀，是宙斯与迈亚之子。作为人类的伙伴，他给人类引进了度量衡，也把死者的灵魂护送至哈迪斯的冥界。他是好运之神，教授人类所有技能，譬如怎么样造路，怎么样创建市场。在古时，赫尔墨斯的半身像被放在柱子顶端以示分界线。他的象征是有翼的鞋子和头盔。

赫斯提亚

家灶之神和健康之神。她是瑞亚与克洛诺斯的第一个孩子。赫斯提亚是宙斯、波塞冬和哈迪斯的姐姐。她曾是十二位奥林匹亚主神之一，但后来她让坐落于狄俄尼索斯。圣火和圆圈是赫斯提亚的象征。

波塞冬

掌管着海洋和马。他是宙斯和哈迪斯的兄弟。波塞冬在诸神与提坦的战争中得到一把三叉戟，诸神打到提坦后，波塞冬选择掌管海洋。他是克洛诺斯与瑞亚之子，象征是海豚和三叉戟。

宙斯

宙斯是诸神之神，统治着奥林匹亚山，同时也是天空和雷电的掌管者。宙斯是克洛诺斯与瑞亚之子，是他的兄弟姐妹中最小的孩子。他同诸神之后赫拉结婚。他常被描绘成站立着，或大步向前，或坐在王位上。他的象征是雷电，老鹰，公牛和橡树。